Skip to main content

Mapping an Entrepreneurial, Innovative and Sustainable Ecosystem Using Social Network Analysis: An Exploratory Approach of Publicly Funded Innovative Project Data

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Entrepreneurial, Innovative and Sustainable Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Applying Quality of Life Research ((BEPR))

  • 710 Accesses

Abstract

The innovative dynamics of a region largely depends on existing actors and their connectivity, so the resilience of a particular innovation system can be analysed through the study innovation networks. Starting from the Algarve’s case study, this analysis uses methods of social network structural analysis to map actors and centralities regarding cooperation and innovation in regional development. The chapter uses data collected through web content mining, starting from the list of organizations that have benefited from public support to innovation. The mapping of the innovation network in the Algarve is compared to theoretical models of resilient networks with the statistical indicators of hierarchy and homophily. The results facilitate the identification of gatekeepers, clusters of activities and constraints and potentialities to the enhancement of the regional entrepreneurial, innovative and sustainable (EIS) ecosystem. This approach has high potential for replication in other regions. The chapter concludes with policy implications for the EIS ecosystem’s resilience and dynamics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ács, Z. J., Szerb, L., & Autio, E. (2015). Global entrepreneurship index 2015. Washington, DC: The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, P., & Bryant, M. (2012). Resilience as a framework for urbanism and recovery. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 6(2), 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boschma, R. (2015). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Regional Studies, 49(5), 733–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.959481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boschma, R., & Pinto, H. (2015). Resilient territories. In H. Pinto (Ed.), Resilient territories innovation and creativity for new modes of regional development. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge SP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breiger, R. (2004). The analysis of social networks. In M. Hardy & A. Bryman (Eds.), Handbook of data analysis. India: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brekke, T. (2015). Entrepreneurship and path dependency in regional development. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 27(3–4), 202–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (1995). Structural holes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. (2000). The network structure of social capital. In B. Staw & R. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behaviour (Vol. 22, pp. 345–423). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). ‘Mode 3’ and quadruple helix: Toward a 21st-century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3–4), 201–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christopherson, S., Michie, J., & Tyler, P. (2010). Regional resilience: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society, 3(1), 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, B. (2006). Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, B., Almirall, E., & Chesbrough, H. (2014). The city as a lab: Open innovation meets the collaborative economy. California Management Review, 59(1), 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crespo, J., Suire, R., & Vicente, J. (2013). Lock-in or lock-out? How structural properties of knowledge networks affect regional resilience? Journal of Economic Geography. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbt006.

  • Davies, S. (2011). Regional resilience in the 2008-2010 downturn: Comparative evidence from European countries. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 4(3), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsr019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L. J., Quinlan, A. E., Peterson, G. D., Wilkinson, C., & Mcevoy, D. (2012). Resilience: A bridging concept or a dead end? “Reframing” resilience: Challenges for planning theory and practice interacting traps: Resilience assessment of a pasture management system in northern Afghanistan urban resilience: What does it mean in planning. Planning Theory & Practice, 13(2), 299–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawley, S., Pike, A., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Towards the resilient region ?: Policy activism and peripheral region, SERC Discussion Papers, SERCDP0053. London: Spatial Economics Research Centre (SERC), London School of Economics and Political Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, G., & Shimizu, C. (2013). Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics, Report Summary for the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2013, World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78(69), 1360–1380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hage, J., Mote, J. E., & Jordan, G. B. (2013). Ideas, innovations, and networks: A new policy model based on the evolution of knowledge. Policy Sciences, 46, 199–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdouch, A., & Depret, M. (2012). Mondialisation et résilience des territoires. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenberg, D. J. (2011). “The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship”, the Babson entrepreneurship ecosystem project. Massachusetts: Babson College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson M (2010). An overview of social networks and economic applications, Benhabib J, A Bisin and M Jackson Handbook of Social Economics, New York, Elsevier Science & Technology, 511–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, B. D. J. (2011). What is an innovation ecosystem? Washington, DC. http://erc-assoc.org/sites/default/files/topics/policy_studies/DJackson_Innovation Ecosystem_03-15-11.pdf

  • Karlsson, C. (2011). Clusters, networks and creativity. In D. E. Andersson, Å. E. Andersson, & C. Mellander (Eds.), Handbook of creative cities (pp. 85–114). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, P. (2005). Recent developments in network measurement. In P. Carrington, J. Scott, & S. Wasserman (Eds.), Models and methods in social network analysis (pp. 8–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2014). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R., & Tyler, P. (2015). Local growth evolutions: Recession, resilience and recovery. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E. (2013). Universities as anchors for regional innovation ecosystems. http://www.edmorrison.com/universities-as-anchors-for-regionalinnovationecosystems/

  • Newman, M. (2010). Networks: An introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, D. S., Phillips, F., Park, S., & Lee, E. (2016). Innovation ecosystems: A critical examination. Technovation, 54, 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.02.004.

  • Phillips, F. (2006). Social culture and high tech economic development: The technopolis columns. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, H., & Pereira, T. S. (2012). Institucionalização da Transferência de Conhecimento: Políticas Públicas e Formação de Actores-Rede na Universidade Portuguesa, Actas do VII Congresso da APS, http://www.aps.pt/vii_congresso/papers/finais/PAP1260_ed.pdf

  • Pinto, H., & Pereira, T. S. (2014). Resiliência dos sistemas de inovação face à turbulência económica, Oficinas do CES, 418. http://www.ces.uc.pt/publicacoes/oficina/ficheiros/11157_Oficina_do_CES_418.pdf

  • Pinto, H., Guerreiro, J., & Uyarra, E. (2012). Diversidades de Sistemas de Inovação e Implicações nas Políticas Regionais: Comparação das Regiões do Algarve e da Andaluzia. Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais 29, 3–14. http://www.apdr.pt/siterper/numeros/RPER29/29.1.pdf

  • Pinto, H., Noronha, M. T., & Faustino, C. (2015). Knowledge and cooperation determinants of innovation networks. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 20(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242015000100007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K. (2005). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid: Eradicating poverty through profits. Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, M. T., Soderstrom, S. B., & Uzzi, B. (2010). Dynamics of dyads in social networks: Assortative, relational, and proximity mechanisms. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutten, R., Westlund, H., & Boekema, F. (2010). The spatial dimension of social capital. European Planning Studies, 18(6), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654311003701381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: A handbook (2nd ed.). Sage Publishers: Great Britain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Baliga, N. S., Wang, J. T., Ramage, D., Amin, N., Schwikowski, B., & Ideker, T. (2003). Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Research, 13(11), 2498–2504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simatupang, T. M., Schwab, A., & Lantu, D. C. (2015). Building sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystems. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 26(4), 389–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmie, J. (2014). Regional economic resilience: A Schumpeterian perspective. Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 72(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13147-014-0274-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmie, J., & Martin, R. L. (2010). The economic resilience of regions: Towards an evolutionary approach. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3, 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M., Milic-Frayling, N., Shneiderman, B., Rodrigues, E. M., Leskovec, J., & Dunne, C. (2010). (Version 1.0.1.167) [Software]. NodeXL: A free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010. Disponível em http://www.smrfoundation.org

  • Spigel, B. (2015). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(4), 1540–6520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Wal, A., & Boschma, R. (2009). Applying social network analysis in economic geography: Framing some key analytic issues. The Annals of Regional Science, 43(3), 739–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uyarra, E., & Flanagan, K. (2012). Reframing regional innovation systems: Evolution, complexity and public policy. In P. Cooke (Ed.), Re-framing regional development (pp. 146–163). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., Ding, L., & Chen, X. (2014). Interaction of open innovation and business ecosystem. International Journal Services Science Technology, 7(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2014.7.1.05.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Hugo Pinto benefits from the financial support from FCT – Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (SFRH/BPD/84038/2012). The authors are thankful to CCDR Algarve for the availability of data. They also recognize the support of Daniela Mendes, Silvia Dragomir and Jorge André Guerreiro (research internships) in the preparation of material for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hugo Pinto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pinto, H., Nogueira, C. (2018). Mapping an Entrepreneurial, Innovative and Sustainable Ecosystem Using Social Network Analysis: An Exploratory Approach of Publicly Funded Innovative Project Data. In: Leitão, J., Alves, H., Krueger, N., Park, J. (eds) Entrepreneurial, Innovative and Sustainable Ecosystems. Applying Quality of Life Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71014-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71014-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71013-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71014-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics